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ICH E6(R3): Good Clinical Practice

Last updated Oct 21, 2026

What this page is

ICH E6(R3) is the GCP guideline. It puts weight on quality by design, risk-proportionate monitoring and the integrity of data across its whole life. This page says, topic by topic, what Trialion does for the sponsor, the investigator and the data, and what it does not. Each row names the page that holds the detail and the screens; the questions an auditor would ask, with a status, are on those pages and are collected in the framework matrix.

Nothing here is a statement that a trial is GCP compliant. That is a property of how a trial is run.

Quality by design

ExpectationWhat Trialion does
Critical-to-quality factors identified up frontThe verification plan decides which forms and fields a monitor must verify against source, so effort goes where the protocol says it matters (Monitor and verify data)
A design that is controlled and versionedThe whole study design is one versioned configuration, tested in a UAT cycle and released only after three sign-offs by three different people, each bound to the exact design approved (Review and release a study, Sign off and go live)
Validation before useUAT is a full working workspace with its own participants and records, kept apart from Live by the database, in which a failed test is kept as evidence with what was done about it (Test a version in UAT)
Changes under controlAn amendment is a new version, tested and approved the same way, and participants move to it one at a time, after re-consent where the amendment asks for it (Amend a live study)

Investigator responsibilities

ExpectationWhat Trialion does
Supervision of the site's staffA site's staff get no access until the principal investigator signs their delegation of authority with a fresh code; nobody signs their own entry (Staff a site)
A delegation logThe site's staff page is the log: who, which tasks, from when, signed by whom; entries are ended and amended by new entries, never deleted
Eligibility decided by the investigatorOnly the investigator can record an eligibility determination, and enrollment is refused without one (Screen a participant, Enroll a participant)
Informed consent before any procedureA participant cannot be recorded without a consent date and an ICF version; a changed protocol is followed by a re-consent record that moves the participant to the new version (Record consent and re-consent)
Accurate source records and correctionsSaved values are read-only; a change needs a query from someone else and a reason, and the earlier value is kept (Correct data)
Attestation of the dataThe investigator's signature on a record locks it, with the meaning, the time and a fingerprint of the values; a visit and a casebook can be signed where the study asks (Sign records)
Withdrawal and early exit documentedWithdrawal, lost to follow-up, screen failure and the other exits each need a reason from a standard list, a date and, for a withdrawal, a record of whether a safety follow-up is owed (Change a participant's status)
ExpectationWhat Trialion does
Risk-based source verificationA plan by form and field, a monitor's queue of what is pending, verified, out of date or discrepant, and a verification that no longer stands if the verified value is later changed
Verification independent of data entryOnly the monitor role records a verification; the person who sets the plan, an administrator and the site cannot
Follow-up of data qualityQueries with separation of duties: the person who raised a query cannot answer it, and the person who gave the latest answer cannot close it, enforced by a database trigger as well as the screen (Work with queries)
Protocol deviations managedDeviations are recorded with category, severity, whether they are important or reportable, status, site and participant, and reviewed (Report a deviation)
Central monitoring and key risk indicatorsNot built. There are no risk indicators, central statistical monitoring or automated risk signals
Monitoring-visit reportsNot built
Oversight that cannot alter the site's dataThe Site Monitor and the Auditor read and raise queries and change nothing; the Project Manager runs the study and cannot alter the data it collects (Site Monitor, Project Manager)

Ethics and site conduct

ExpectationWhat Trialion does
Ethics approval before enrollmentA site cannot be activated without an approval reference and date and a GCP training confirmation, and only an active site can enroll (Open a site)
TrainingThe confirmation at activation is enforced. The training complete flag on a team assignment blocks nothing; there is no per-person training record with versions and expiry
Adherence to the protocolVisit windows (entry before a window opens is refused unless a person records an exception with a reason; late entry is allowed and reported), mapped forms and the study's rules encode the protocol (Run a visit)
Fresh ethics approval for an amendment at each siteNot built. A version goes Live for the whole study; the site's approval details on a version are recorded, not a gate

Data governance and the data lifecycle

ExpectationWhat Trialion does
Data integrity across the lifecycleSee ALCOA+
Computerised systems fit for purposeTested and released under gates (Testing and quality); no validation package is supplied (GAMP 5 and CSV)
Controlled changes to dataA correction needs a reason and an authorizing query; every change is in the audit trail (Audit trail and evidence)
Access limited to those who need itRoles with separation of duties, site confinement, and refusals recorded. A blinded study cannot be run: the arm is returned to every role that may read participants (Not built yet)
Database lock before analysisTwo people sign a request and a confirmation, each with a fresh code, on the same fingerprinted list of what was open; every write is refused afterwards (Close and lock a study)
Essential records kept and retrievableA document register with versions, checksums, approvals and the version in force on a date (Manage documents). It is not a TMF: no reference model, no completeness checklist
Certified copiesCSV, Excel and ODM-XML exports, the casebook and the audit trail (Export data)
RetentionNothing governed is deleted; the retention period, backup and restore are the hosting's (Running it)

Safety

ExpectationWhat Trialion does
Capture of adverse and serious eventsOn-demand records, individually numbered, never deleted (Record an adverse event)
Awareness time and the reporting clockThe time the site became aware is recorded and a due time derived from the version's setting
Follow-up and independent medical reviewFollow-up reports, a medical review with causality and expectedness (a related and unexpected event is flagged as a suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction), and a reconciliation record (Review a serious event)
Expedited reporting to authoritiesNot built. No E2B file, no gateway, no automatic reconciliation with a safety database, and nobody is told when a deadline nears

Trial supply and randomization

Not built. No randomization list or allocation (the arm is typed in from the randomization system), no blinding or unblinding, no drug supply or accountability, and no medical coding. All are listed with what to do instead on Not built yet.

Compliance Q&A

Compliance Q&APartly builtICH E6 monitoringICH E6 quality-management
Does the system support risk-proportionate monitoring and central monitoring?

In part. A verification plan targets source data verification by form and field, a monitor's queue shows what needs attention, and a verification stops standing when its value changes.

Limits: there are no key risk indicators, no central statistical monitoring, no automated risk signals and no monitoring-visit reports (Not built yet).

Evidence: server/src/modules/study/sdv (plan, verification ledger, monitor queue)no key risk indicator or central monitoring code in server/src

What this means for a monitoring plan

Trialion supports risk-based source verification, delegation of authority, ethics gating, controlled change and data integrity well enough to build a monitoring plan around. It does not replace your safety system, your randomization and supply system, your training records or your TMF, and it does not by itself satisfy the expectation that a computerised system is validated for its intended use.

Framework matrix · ALCOA+ · Audit trail and evidence · GAMP 5 and CSV · Not built yet